The drug that is usually abused is heroin. It is a highly addictive drug derived from morphine, obtained from the opium poppy. It acts on the individual quickly, as fast as 3 to 6 seconds. Heroin is. It affects the brain’s gratification systems and disrupts the brain’s ability to perceive pain. With heroin, pain receptors of the brain are blocked, thus, the person is less likely to feel pain once he/she takes in the drug.
Heroin used to be known as a non-addictive drug. In fact, the name heroin is known as a “heroic treatment” taken from the German word heroisch. From 1898 to 1910, it was marketed as a non-addictive morphine alternative and cough medicine for children. However, in 1924, the United States’ “Heroin Act” made it illegal to possess or manufacture heroin in the country.
Today heroin is normally sold as a brownish powder or as the black sticky substance known as the “black tar heroin”.
Heroin is commonly injected. A heroin addict usually injects himself four times a day. Intravenous injection provides the supreme intensity and most rapid set of euphoria. With this, the person would feel the rush in as fast as 7 to 8 seconds after injecting. Intramuscular injection produces as slower onset of euphoria. Injection continues to be the predominant method of heroin use among addicted users seeking treatment; however, researchers have discovered a shift in heroin use patterns, from injection to sniffing and smoking. In fact, snorting heroin is now the most widely reported means of taking heroin among users admitted for drug treatment.
Heroin works in the brain by converting itself to morphine then binding quickly to the brain’s opioid receptors. The addict would feel a gratifying feeling. The intensity of the rush would depend on the amount of the drug. The rush is usually accompanied by a warm flushing of the skin, dry mouth, and the heavy feeling in the extremities, which may be accompanied by nausea, vomiting, and severe itching. After the preliminary effects, abusers usually will be drowsy for several hours. Mental function is clouded by heroin’s effect on the central nervous system. Cardiac function slows. Breathing is also severely slowed, sometimes to the point of death. Heroin overdose is a particular risk on the street, where the amount and purity of the drug cannot be accurately known.
Heroin’s long-term effect is another story. Chronic users may develop collapsed veins, infection of the heart lining and valves, abscesses, cellulites, and liver disease. Moreover, the most detrimental long-term effects of heroin is addiction itself. Heroin abuser eventually becomes too dependent on the drug that he/she spends most of his/her time and energy obtaining and using the drug. Once they become addicted, the addicts’ main purpose of living is seeking and using the drug. Furthermore, with continuous use, this could cause death to the addict.
Heroin addiction is not free from withdrawal symptoms, once the use is stopped. The withdrawal syndrome from heroin can start within 12 hours of discontinuation of the sustained use of the drug: sweating, malaise, anxiety, depression, persistent and intense penile erection in males, general feeling of heaviness, cramp-like pains in the limbs, yawning and lachrymation, sleep difficulties, nausea and vomiting, diarrhea, cramps and fever occur. There is also a significant danger of grand mal seizures, which can lead to stroke possibly resulting in permanent disability which includes blindness or paralysis, or heart attacks which can potentially be fatal.
The drug heroin is quite lethal especially to those users whose health is in poor condition. Heroin can serve as a teratogen among pregnant users. Among pregnant addicts, not only does the drug affect the user, but it greatly affects the baby.
One of the most dangerous substance abuse is heroin dependency because it can be a cause on why an individual continues to live. Therefore, there is no easy treatment. It requires double time, double effort and double will power to be cured.
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